What is a probability experiment?

A probability experiment is defined as an action or process that leads to one or more possible outcomes. This aligns with the fundamental concept in probability, where experiments can generate different results based on random chance or specific conditions. For instance, rolling a die, flipping a coin, or conducting a survey are all probability experiments because they can produce various outcomes each time they are conducted.

The key aspect of a probability experiment is the randomness involved, meaning that while an outcome can be anticipated, the specific result cannot be precisely determined beforehand. This characteristic distinguishes probability experiments from deterministic processes, which yield a fixed outcome every time under the same conditions.

In contrast, other options do not capture the essence of a probability experiment. A fixed outcome is not characteristic of probability experiments, and while mathematical calculations and statistical analyses are vital in the field of probability, they are not the experiments themselves but rather tools or methods used to interpret or predict outcomes related to these experiments.